Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy Technologies: Advanced Computational Methods, State Estimation, and High-Efficiency Control Strategies

Abstract

The power system landscape is changing dramatically as more renewable energy, inverter based resources, energy storage, hybrid AC/DC systems, and digitally enabled control technologies are integrated into the system. The review focuses on complex computational techniques, dynamic state estimation and high-efficiency control techniques that facilitate reliable and flexible operation of the grid in the future under the growing conditions of variable loads and low grid inertia. The concepts of model predictive control are introduced as a potential framework for real time frequency regulation, voltage management, renewable coordination and storage optimization and the centralized, decentralized and explicit approaches are discussed with respect to their different coordination, scalability and computational efficiency. Advanced filtering and phasor measurement data are explored to enhance real time system awareness and observability analysis is used to determine the placement of sensors for reliable state reconstruction. For converter dominated systems the dynamics of the DC side is taken into account which has important implications for the coordinated modeling of the AC and DC side during fast disturbances in order to ensure stable energy transfer. In the context of renewable integration and grid flexibility, clean energy interfaces such as photovoltaic systems, wind generation, HVDC transmission, microgrids and storage are also discussed. To deploy this practically, laboratory and hardware in the loop validation, efficient computation, secure communication and adherence to changing grid codes and interoperability standards are required