Strengthening the Administration of Justice in Cases Involving Politically Exposed Persons in Nigeria: Legal Accountability, Due Process and Institutional Independence

Abstract

Politically Exposed Persons (PEPs) occupy a distinctive position within the administration of justice because their access to public authority, institutional networks and economic resources may create heightened risks of corruption, money laundering, abuse of office and concealment of illicit proceeds, while their status may simultaneously expose them to politically motivated allegations, selective enforcement and prolonged legal disputes. Nigeria has developed an extensive legal and institutional framework for addressing these risks through the Money Laundering (Prevention and Prohibition) Act, 2022, Administration of Criminal Justice Act, 2015, Proceeds of Crime (Recovery and Management) Act, 2022, Economic and Financial Crimes Commission Act, Independent Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Commission Act and related regulatory measures. This study examines the relationship between PEP status and the administration of justice in Nigeria, with particular attention to investigation, prosecution, asset preservation, judicial proceedings, evidentiary standards, institutional independence and the protection of fundamental rights. The study adopts a qualitative documentary research design and draws on Nigerian legislation, institutional reports, international standards and relevant scholarly literature. It is guided by Rule of Law Theory and Principal-Agent Theory. The study finds that PEP status justifies enhanced preventive scrutiny but should not substitute for evidence, due process or judicial determination. It recommends stronger coordination among financial intelligence, investigative, prosecutorial and judicial institutions, clearer case-management procedures, enhanced judicial capacity and safeguards against both impunity and politically selective enforcement.