Relationship between Occupational Health Hazards Knowledge and Informal Solid Waste Pickers in Port Harcourt Metropolis

Abstract

This study provides a detailed assessment of occupational health hazards knowledge among informal solid waste pickers in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria. By employing a survey approach, 357 out of 384 distributed questionnaires were effectively collected, resulting in a noteworthy response rate of 92.96%. These responses were analyzed using SPSS software and results presented in tables and graphs. The study explores perceptions of medical services, knowledge levels, attitudes, and safety practices, providing a nuanced understanding of waste pickers' interactions with healthcare and safety measures. The results from the survey on occupational health hazards in solid waste picking revealed a high awareness level, with 88% acknowledged physical hazards, 42.6% recognized chemical hazards, 48.5% identified biological hazards, 64.7% acknowledged ergonomic hazards, and 60.2% being aware of psychological health hazards. In terms of perception and utility of medical health services, 31.9% reported easy access, 35.9% expressed confidence in service quality, 32.5% believed in the essentiality of medical services, 38.7% were satisfied with accessibility, and 59.1% felt supported by the healthcare system. Regarding knowledge on occupational health and safety, 19% were aware of potential hazards, 30.8% knew how to handle hazardous materials, 11.5% were familiar with proper use of PPE, 33.6% understood the importance of health checkups, and 24.4% knew proper waste disposal procedures. In terms of occupational health attitude, 92.4% prioritized personal health and safety, 87.7% believed in maintaining good health, 69.7% were proactive in risk reduction, and 72.8% actively sought information on health and safety. Lastly, on safety practice, 45.1% were influenced by PPE availability, 50.7% were well-informed about recommended PPE, 54.1% perceived cost as a barrier, 45.1% considered comfort in PPE usage, and 37.3% were influenced by peer behavior in PPE compliance during waste picking activities. The Chi-square test was employed to test for the levels of association between categorical variables related to occupational activities and health hazards, leading to the rejection of the null hypotheses and emphasizing the imperative for targeted interventions. The study revealed a heightened awareness among waste pickers concerning physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, and psychological hazards associated with their occupation. Consequently, recommendations included targeted interventions for hazard mitigation, improvement in healthcare accessibility, knowledge enhancement programs, and the promotion of a safety culture. This research validated global patterns of occupational health risks among waste pickers, providing actionable insights for stakeholders, and informing future interventions in both the specific context of Port Harcourt Metropolis and the broader discourse on vulnerable occupational groups.