Intimate Partner Violence Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic at Federal Medical Center Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria

Abstract

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health issue affecting women globally, with pregnancy representing a period of heightened vulnerability. This study aimed to determine the magnitude, forms, knowledge, and factors associated with IPV among pregnant women attending the Federal Medical Center (FMC) Gusau. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 136 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at FMC Gusau. A systematic sampling technique was employed. Data were collected using a structured researcher-administered questionnaire covering socio-demographics, obstetric history, knowledge of IPV, and experiences of abuse. The majority of respondents (57.0%) were aged 20–29, and most (93.4%) were married. While 58.1% had heard of IPV, controlling behaviors were prevalent, with 66.9% reporting partner jealousy and 42.7% reporting partners getting angry if they spoke with other men. Physical violence (e.g., pushing, kicking) was reported by 7.6% of respondents, while economic violence (refusal to let work) was reported by 21.8%. Despite high awareness of IPV's harmful effects, 50.9% of victims took no action following abuse, largely due to fear and forgiveness. Only 3.8% sought help from health providers. IPV is prevalent among pregnant women in Gusau, characterized primarily by psychological abuse and controlling behaviors. Although awareness of IPV is relatively high, help-seeking behavior remains low. Integrating routine screening and intervention into antenatal care is strongly recommended.