Radiological evaluation of knee joint diseases: the role of modern diagnostic imaging techniques

Abstract

This article provides a comprehensive scientific analysis of the role and significance of modern diagnostic imaging modalities including ultrasonography (US), conventional radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of knee joint disorders. Owing to its anatomically complex structure and substantial functional load, the knee joint is particularly susceptible to a wide range of inflammatory, degenerative, traumatic, and neoplastic conditions. Diagnostic imaging plays a pivotal role in the early detection of these disorders, accurate diagnosis, and the selection of appropriate therapeutic strategies. The article discusses the physical principles, clinical applications, diagnostic capabilities, advantages, and limitations of each imaging modality based on current scientific evidence. Particular emphasis is placed on the advantages of ultrasonography in the evaluation of soft tissues, the importance of radiography in detecting osseous abnormalities, the high diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography in the assessment of complex fractures, and the role of magnetic resonance imaging as the gold standard for evaluating pathological changes involving the menisci, ligaments, and articular cartilage. This review serves as a valuable scientific and practical resource for medical students, clinicians, radiologists, and specialists in orthopedics and traumatology.