Contraceptive Potential of Graded Doses of Carica Papaya Root Methanol Extract on Male Wistar Rats

Abstract

This study investigated the contraceptive potential of Carica papaya methanol root extract in male Wistar rats. A total of 24 rats were divided into four groups: control, dexamethasone treated (0.06 mg), and extract treated groups at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, proteins, sugars, terpenoids, quinones, and phenols. Toxicity studies showed that the extract was safe at doses up to 5000 mg/kg. Hormonal analysis indicated a dose-dependent effect, with the 200 mg/kg extract suppressing testosterone while the 400 mg/kg extract elevated FSH and LH levels. Despite these hormonal changes, sperm count and motility were not significantly improved compared to controls. The study concludes that Carica papaya root extract possesses antifertility potential, likely mediated through hormonal modulation and changes in sperm physiology, with limited spermatogenic benefits. Further studies are recommended to isolate bioactive compounds, test higher doses, and explore cross-species contraceptive efficacy.